Key Events in American History: 1881

President: Rutherford B. Hayes until March 4th; James A. Garfield until Sep 19th; Chester A. Arthur thereafter

VP: William A. Wheeler until March 4th; Chester A. Arthur until September 19th; vacant thereafter

Date, Event

  • Jan 1st Pat Garrett is sworn as Lincoln County's sheriff
  • Jan 25th Thomas Edison & Alexander Graham Bell form the Oriental Telephone Company
  • Feb 19th Kansas becomes the first state to ban all alcoholic beverages
  • Mar 4th James A. Garfield assumes the Presidency as the 20th President
  • Apr 14th Four Dead in 5 Seconds gunfight occurs in El Paso, TX
  • Apr 28th Billy the Kid escapes from the Lincoln County Jail in Mesilla, NM & killing two in the process
  • May 10th 2 mailbags are stolen from a Wells Fargo stagecoach en route from Canyon Diablo to Flagstaff, AZ. They contain $125,000 in gold & silver coins and are never recovered.
  • May 21st Clara Barton establishes the American Red Cross
  • Jul 2nd President Garfield is shot by Charles Guiteau at a train station in Washington D.C.
  • Jul 14th Billy the Kid (age 21) is shot & killed by Pat Garrett
  • Jul 19th Sitting Bull & 187 Sioux surrender to Major Brotherton in Dakota Territory
  • Aug 27th The 5th hurricane of the season hits Florida & the Carolinas killing about 700
  • Sep 19th President Garfield dies 11 weeks after being shot after an infection of his wound
  • Sep 19th Chester A. Arthur becomes the 21st President
  • Oct 26th The Gunfight at the O.K. Corral occurs in Tombstone, AZ. Frank & Tom McLaury & Billy Clanton are killed
  • October The biggest train robbery in Colorado occurs north of Colorado Springs as robbers make off with $145,000
  • Dec 28th Virgil Earp is ambushed in Tombstone, AZ and loses the use of his left arm
  • Other

  • Mark Twain publishes The Prince & the Pauper
  • Joel Chandle Harris publishes Uncle Remus: His Songs & Sayings
  • Henry James publishes Portrait of a Lady
  • P.T. Barnum joins with J.A. Bailey to form The Barnum & Bailey Greatest Show on Earth
  • Births

  • Aug 6th Alexander Fleming (Biologist/Pharmacologist/Discovered Penicillin)
  • Oct 25th Pablo Picasso (Painter)
  • Deaths

  • Jul 14th Billy the Kid (Outlaw)
  • Jul 17th Jim Bridger (Mountain Man/Trapper/Scout/Guide)
  • Sep 19th James A. Garfield (20th President)